Under Armour CEO to Sell $72 Million in Stock
Shareholders approved
the creation last year of the nonvoting Class C shares, which allowed
the executive to sell some of his holdings without losing influence.
Through his Class B shares, which have 10 times the voting power of
Class A stock, Plank controls the majority of the company’s voting
rights.
I have not gone in depth into what actually happens from dual-class shares.
From the UnderArmour example, it seems like a way for owners to treat the company like an ATM while retaining control thru' the voting class shares. In other words, you might have an owner who controls only 30% of the stocks in Class A (which can have voting rights from 1 time to 5 times to 10times as in this case).
Though a dual-class shares under a good and responsible manager like Berskhire Hathaway will benefit the retail/minority shareholders. There are many others in US which has dual class but have responsible managers. The argument would then be the onus is on the retail investors to find which one has responsible management and "vote" with your purchase of those stocks. However, I think that should not be the way to go about doing things.
I wonder how it would affect the singapore stock market when companies founders start to monetize it this way. Would it become only the institutional holders and company founders retaining much of the pricier class A shares, while retail are left holding the class B(or whatever term u call it) shares. In moves that might not be beneficial to the class B non-voting shares, retail holders have effectively no control over their fate.
Example, if a company want to privatise at a less than premium, voting rights which is very much in the control of the owners and institutional holders would benefit more. You might not have a case while retail holders can vote and say no to the privatisation. Or how about right issues?
Or how about we take it a step further, if a transport company has a dual class shares. And it wants to do something that is of not much benefit to the minority holders, the minority non-voting shares holding can not do much as they will get bulldoze by the voting rights shares which might constitue less than 20-30% of the company outstanding shares. Do note in Singapore, much of the large-listed companies are GLCs. In this case, you really need to ensure the management and the institutional holders(in this case, much of it lies in the hands of GIC and Temasek) are capabable and prudent and work in the best interest of all shareholders, not just the major shareholders. Most Singaporeans loved investing in "bluechips" (Singapore GLCs) for
retirement or to buy and hold forever(as taught by the buffettologists
of the world). So this issue of management is really really very important for us.
Luckily, so far, it seems only new listing are allowed dual-class. So let's hope we don't have more spin-off of our blue-chips into smaller listed companies.
http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/sgx-is-closer-to-allowing-dual-class-shares
It also said companies already listed on a one-share-one-vote structure
should not be allowed to convert into a dual-class set-up because
existing shareholders did not invest in the company with knowledge of
the risks associated with such structures.
We might argue much of the decision today even without the dual class shares is still very much dependent on the institutional and company owners, but this one takes it a step further by effectively removing the rights of the minority. The analogy for me is like in a democracy, a government decides that only the top 10% are awarded 10 votes per person, the middle class 1 votes per person, while the rest are entitled to 0 vote per person but you can still be a singapore citizen with the included benefits of healthcare , education etc.
Anyway, for further discussion on it, it might be good to take a look at the links below on how the stock market is not what is . It seems to be moving towards insiders and wealthy(institutional) have more rights than the others.
Designed to give specific shareholders voting control, unequal voting shares are primarily created to satisfy owners who don't want to give up control, but do want the public equity market to provide financing.
In most cases, these super-voting shares are not publicly traded and
company founders and their families are most commonly the controlling
groups in dual-class companies.
Oh, I just found a local business times article on this. So I'm happy people here are concerned about this too. Much more indepeth and insightful than mine of course. And it seems HK , australia and UK do not allow it.
http://governanceforstakeholders.com/2015/11/28/say-no-to-dual-class-shares/
Hong Kong recently shut the door on dual class shares after the Hong
Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) rejected it. The Australian
Securities Exchange does not allow it (with minor exceptions for
cooperatives and mutuals), and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in
the UK has also recently banned dual class shares for companies listing
on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange.
http://governanceforstakeholders.com/2016/08/31/dual-class-shares-safeguards-or-minefields/
Let’s now consider the proposed “safeguards” to minimise entrenchment
and expropriation risks. For entrenchment risks, the first safeguard is a
maximum voting differential of 10:1, which is the commonly adopted
voting differential in other jurisdictions. A 10:1 ratio is the problem,
not a safeguard. Consider a founder who holds only Class B shares with
10 votes each and public shareholders hold Class A shares with one vote
each, and there are one million total issued shares. If the founder owns
just 10 per cent of the total issued shares, he will have one million
votes – or 52.6 per cent of the voting rights – while the public
shareholders will have 900,000 votes. This will allow him to pass all
ordinary resolutions. If he wants to be able to pass all special
resolutions requiring 75 per cent support, he only needs to own about
23.5 per cent of the shares. And this is assuming all shares are voted
at general meetings.
Not advocating you to buy properties at this moment. And whether you buy or sell is entirely your business. But I have found property to have 100% ownership to you, no fractional ownership unless you go into a partnership or setup a company to purchase it. Even then, you are in control of whether you want to "Dilute" your own shares. I think shares can only make you very rich if you are able to gain a significant chunk to influence the company decision. If not, it is just a tradable commodity and DON"T FALL in LOVE with it.
